That same year, Emma wrote several poems for a broad range of audiences concerning the antisemitism occurring in Eastern Europe, particularly Russia. Her poems, "The Banner of the Jew," "The Exile," and "The Death of Death" (she dedicated this to "George Eliot," for her inspiration and dream of a Jewish nation), portrayed the tragic suffering and degradation of her people (Jews). Emma was an early proponent of what became the Zionist movement. Her views are illustrated in her “Epistle for Hebrews."
Emma wrote"The New Colossus," a sonnet, in 1883 as part of fundraiser for the Statue of Liberty's pedestal. She wanted others to know that this poem voiced support for the immigrants coming to the shores of New York City. Unfortunately, Emma did not live to see the fruit of her labor. It was 1886 by the time sufficient money was raised to erect the statue in New York Harbor, and Emma passed in November of 1887, before its completion. To honor Miss Lazarus's work, her friend, Georgina Schuyler, had Emma's poem engraved on a plaque which was mounted on the statue's pedestal..
Her volunteer efforts and ideas also led to the creation of the Hebrew Technical Institute, which was formed in 1884 in New York City. This non-sectarian facility provided training in vocational skills for students ages 14-17. Later, it became known as the first technical high school in America.
In 1944, The Emma Lazarus Federation of Women’s Clubs was founded by the Women’s Division of the Jewish People’s Fraternal Order of the International Workers Order. Its mission was three-fold: to provide relief to wartime victims, to combat racism and antisemitism, and to foster Jewish identification through its educational programs and women’s rights.
To honor Miss Lazarus's accomplishments as a famous poet, Ruth Hollander, a senior from Tucson High School, was elected president of the newly formed Emma Lazarus B'nai B'rith Women’s Group in March, 1951.
Emma Lazarus was born in New York, New York on July 22, 1849 and died there on November 19, 1887.
Emma was inspired and mentored by Ralph Waldo Emerson. In 1868, she mailed her book to Ralph Waldo Emerson which resulted in a mentor-mentee relationship. For a few years, Emma asked him for feedback on her poems, and Emerson gladly provided critiques and praise. A rift occurred in their relationship in 1873, as Ralph Waldo Emerson did not publish her work in his anthology, Parnassus. Emma never found out why he did not her print her work, since he never responded to her letters.
Miss Lazarus volunteered at the Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society (HIAS) after visiting Russian Jewish Immigrants living in squalor at Ward Island. These immigrants had left Russia due to the Czar’s ongoing pogroms and other antisemitic acts. The HIAS, which was formed in 1881, provided meals, transportation, and employment counseling.
That same year, Emma wrote several poems for a broad range of audiences concerning the antisemitism occurring in Eastern Europe, particularly Russia. Her poems, "The Banner of the Jew," "The Exile," and "The Death of Death" (she dedicated this to "George Eliot," for her inspiration and dream of a Jewish nation), portrayed the tragic suffering and degradation of her people (Jews). Emma was an early proponent of what became the Zionist movement. Her views are illustrated in her “Epistle for Hebrews."
Emma wrote"The New Colossus," a sonnet, in 1883 as part of fundraiser for the Statue of Liberty's pedestal. She wanted others to know that this poem voiced support for the immigrants coming to the shores of New York City. Unfortunately, Emma did not live to see the fruit of her labor. It was 1886 by the time sufficient money was raised to erect the statue in New York Harbor, and Emma passed in November of 1887, before its completion. To honor Miss Lazarus's work, her friend, Georgina Schuyler, had Emma's poem engraved on a plaque which was mounted on the statue's pedestal..
Her volunteer efforts and ideas also led to the creation of the Hebrew Technical Institute, which was formed in 1884 in New York City. This non-sectarian facility provided training in vocational skills for students ages 14-17. Later, it became known as the first technical high school in America.
In 1944, The Emma Lazarus Federation of Women’s Clubs was founded by the Women’s Division of the Jewish People’s Fraternal Order of the International Workers Order. Its mission was three-fold: to provide relief to wartime victims, to combat racism and antisemitism, and to foster Jewish identification through its educational programs and women’s rights.
To honor Miss Lazarus's accomplishments as a famous poet, Ruth Hollander, a senior from Tucson High School, was elected president of the newly formed Emma Lazarus B'nai B'rith Women’s Group in March, 1951.
Once married, Caroline was increasingly involved in women’s suffrage causes. A gifted and prolific writer, reformer, and activist, she became a staunch advocate for women’s rights. Caroline and Charles lived in Toronto in the early 1850s. By 1855, Charles Dall had traveled alone to India to work as a Unitarian missionary, returning only once to America before his death in 1886.
For many years, Caroline was actively involved in the Boston women’s rights movement. One of her many important books, The College, the Market, and the Court (1867), based on a series of lectures she gave in Boston in 1861-1862, is a collection of essays about women’s rights, education, economic advancement, and protection under the law.
Her other publications include Historical Pictures Retouched: a Volume of Miscellanies (1859), in which she discusses lesser-known important women from history, Essays and Sketches (1849), and Women's Rights Under the Law: In Three Lectures, Delivered in Boston, January, 1861 (1862).
In 1865, Dall helped found the American Social Science Association. Along with suffragist Paulina Davis, Caroline Dall founded both the New England Women’s Rights Convention and Una, a journal devoted to advocating for women’s rights. Because of these activities, she is often associated with fellow activist, Transcendentalist, and journalist Margaret Fuller regarding their advocacy for the advancement of women.
Later in life, Caroline distanced herself from the women’s rights movement and published such eclectic and diverse works as Egypt (Egypt's Place in History 1868), the Civil War (Patty Gray's Journey, three volumes for children, 1869–70), and What We Really Know About Shakespeare (1885), The Life of Dr. Anandabai Joshee (1888), Margaret and Her Friends: Ten Conversations with Margaret Fuller (1895), and Transcendentalism in New England (1897). In her 70s, she continued lecturing and giving sermons at the Unitarian Church.
After several years of suffering from arthritis, Caroline died of pneumonia on December 17, 1912, at the age of 90.
Caroline Wells Dall was born in Boston, Massachusetts on June 22, 1822. Her parents, Mark Healey and Caroline Foster, provided her with an exclusive education, consisting of private tutoring and private schooling, until she was 15 years old. From 1837 to 1842, she administered a nursery in the North End of Boston. In 1842, Caroline began teaching at Georgetown Female Seminary, where she met Unitarian minister Charles Dall, whom she would marry in 1844.
Once married, Caroline was increasingly involved in women’s suffrage causes. A gifted and prolific writer, reformer, and activist, she became a staunch advocate for women’s rights. Caroline and Charles lived in Toronto in the early 1850s. By 1855, Charles Dall had traveled alone to India to work as a Unitarian missionary, returning only once to America before his death in 1886.
For many years, Caroline was actively involved in the Boston women’s rights movement. One of her many important books, The College, the Market, and the Court (1867), based on a series of lectures she gave in Boston in 1861-1862, is a collection of essays about women’s rights, education, economic advancement, and protection under the law.
Her other publications include Historical Pictures Retouched: a Volume of Miscellanies (1859), in which she discusses lesser-known important women from history, Essays and Sketches (1849), and Women's Rights Under the Law: In Three Lectures, Delivered in Boston, January, 1861 (1862).
In 1865, Dall helped found the American Social Science Association. Along with suffragist Paulina Davis, Caroline Dall founded both the New England Women’s Rights Convention and Una, a journal devoted to advocating for women’s rights. Because of these activities, she is often associated with fellow activist, Transcendentalist, and journalist Margaret Fuller regarding their advocacy for the advancement of women.
Later in life, Caroline distanced herself from the women’s rights movement and published such eclectic and diverse works as Egypt (Egypt's Place in History 1868), the Civil War (Patty Gray's Journey, three volumes for children, 1869–70), and What We Really Know About Shakespeare (1885), The Life of Dr. Anandabai Joshee (1888), Margaret and Her Friends: Ten Conversations with Margaret Fuller (1895), and Transcendentalism in New England (1897). In her 70s, she continued lecturing and giving sermons at the Unitarian Church.
After several years of suffering from arthritis, Caroline died of pneumonia on December 17, 1912, at the age of 90.
Although Catharine did not go to college, she considered herself to have been raised in a highly intellectual home:
"I was reared in an atmosphere of high intelligence. My father had uncommon mental vigor. So had my brothers. Their daily habits, and pursuits, and pleasures were intellectual, and I naturally imbibed from them a kindred taste" (Life and Letters of Catharine M. Sedgwick: 46-47).
When she was ten, Catharine could be found during her school lunch hour under her desk munching and reading Rollins’s Ancient History. While her four brothers followed in their father’s footsteps and became lawyers, they encouraged Catharine to pursue her writing, and she published her first book at age thirty-three.
Professionally, Catharine went on to become a successful and prolific author on a wide variety of topics in six novels, over one-hundred short stories and sketches, as well as domestic novellas, advice manuals, biographies, religious tracts, travelogues, and children’s books. She is considered to be one of the founders of American literature and enjoyed national and international renown during her lifetime. It is noteworthy that Catharine and Martha Washington were the only women selected for inclusion in the first volume of the National Portrait Gallery of Distinguished Americans.
The indefatigable Catharine continued to write for forty years publishing her last piece at the age of seventy-two. Catharine also taught at her sister-in-law’s Young Ladies’ School in Lenox, MA and various Sunday schools, including the Isaac T. Hopper Home. In her later years, she volunteered for the Female Department of the New York Prison Association (becoming president from 1848 to 1863), which led to her opening the Home for Discharged Female Convicts.
Personally, Catharine chose to become a member of her siblings’ households instead of marrying various suitors. For most of her life, she lived and worked in New York City and Stockbridge/Lenox, MA and traveled throughout North America and Europe. She also participated in the Berkshire’s literary society and received visits from authors, politicians, activists, and renowned international figures.
Catharine passed away in 1867 at the home of her niece in West Roxbury at the age of seventy-seven. She was remembered as a “true and beautiful soul, a clear and refined intellect, and a singularly sympathetic social nature” (Life and Letters of Catharine M. Sedgwick: 10) with “clear good sense, and graced by a charm of style of which she was the master during her whole life”:
"Her unerring sense of rectitude, her love of truth, her ready sympathy, her active and cheerful beneficence, her winning and gracious manners, the perfection of high breeding, make up a character, the idea of which, as it rests on my mind, I would not exchange for any thing in her own interesting works of fiction" (Life and Letters of Catharine M. Sedgwick: 446).
Catharine was buried in the family plot in Stockbridge next to her beloved nurse, Elizabeth (“Mum-Bett”) Freeman. (Massachusetts Historical Society Collections Online: Witness to America’s Past Description; Sedgwick Pie). Mum-Bett had been the first freed slave in Massachusetts who thereafter earned a living by working in the home of her attorney, Catharine’s father, and became an important mother figure to the family before her father remarried in 1808 (Massachusetts Historical Society Collections Online: Witness to America’s Past Description; Lucinda L. Damon-Bach & Victoria Clements, Catharine Maria Sedgwick: Critical Perspectives at xxiii and xxxiv (2003)).
Catharine had used her gift with words to memorialized Mum-Bett’s noble life in her article “Slavery in New England” in 1853 (Miss Sedgewick [sic], “Slavery in New England,” in XXXIV Bentley’s Miscellany at 417, 424 (1853)). Five years after Catharine’s death, Harper & Brothers would do the same for Catharine by publishing a book entitled the Life and Letters of Catharine M. Sedgwick, which was edited by her life-long neighbor, Mary E. Dewey.
]]>Born in Stockbridge, MA, Catharine Maria Sedgwick was the sixth of the seven surviving children of Theodore Sedgwick and Pamela Dwight Sedgwick. Catharine’s mother was ill for most of her childhood and died when Catharine was seventeen. A year later, her father remarried Penelope Russell. For most of Catharine’s childhood, her father was away from home for more than half of each year pursuing a political career with six terms in the Continental Congress, U.S. House of Representatives, Speaker of the House, Senator from Massachusetts, and a Massachusetts Supreme Court Justice, and then passed away in 1813 when Catharine was twenty-three.
Although Catharine did not go to college, she considered herself to have been raised in a highly intellectual home:
"I was reared in an atmosphere of high intelligence. My father had uncommon mental vigor. So had my brothers. Their daily habits, and pursuits, and pleasures were intellectual, and I naturally imbibed from them a kindred taste" (Life and Letters of Catharine M. Sedgwick: 46-47).
When she was ten, Catharine could be found during her school lunch hour under her desk munching and reading Rollins’s Ancient History. While her four brothers followed in their father’s footsteps and became lawyers, they encouraged Catharine to pursue her writing, and she published her first book at age thirty-three.
Professionally, Catharine went on to become a successful and prolific author on a wide variety of topics in six novels, over one-hundred short stories and sketches, as well as domestic novellas, advice manuals, biographies, religious tracts, travelogues, and children’s books. She is considered to be one of the founders of American literature and enjoyed national and international renown during her lifetime. It is noteworthy that Catharine and Martha Washington were the only women selected for inclusion in the first volume of the National Portrait Gallery of Distinguished Americans.
The indefatigable Catharine continued to write for forty years publishing her last piece at the age of seventy-two. Catharine also taught at her sister-in-law’s Young Ladies’ School in Lenox, MA and various Sunday schools, including the Isaac T. Hopper Home. In her later years, she volunteered for the Female Department of the New York Prison Association (becoming president from 1848 to 1863), which led to her opening the Home for Discharged Female Convicts.
Personally, Catharine chose to become a member of her siblings’ households instead of marrying various suitors. For most of her life, she lived and worked in New York City and Stockbridge/Lenox, MA and traveled throughout North America and Europe. She also participated in the Berkshire’s literary society and received visits from authors, politicians, activists, and renowned international figures.
Catharine passed away in 1867 at the home of her niece in West Roxbury at the age of seventy-seven. She was remembered as a “true and beautiful soul, a clear and refined intellect, and a singularly sympathetic social nature” (Life and Letters of Catharine M. Sedgwick: 10) with “clear good sense, and graced by a charm of style of which she was the master during her whole life”:
"Her unerring sense of rectitude, her love of truth, her ready sympathy, her active and cheerful beneficence, her winning and gracious manners, the perfection of high breeding, make up a character, the idea of which, as it rests on my mind, I would not exchange for any thing in her own interesting works of fiction" (Life and Letters of Catharine M. Sedgwick: 446).
Catharine was buried in the family plot in Stockbridge next to her beloved nurse, Elizabeth (“Mum-Bett”) Freeman. (Massachusetts Historical Society Collections Online: Witness to America’s Past Description; Sedgwick Pie). Mum-Bett had been the first freed slave in Massachusetts who thereafter earned a living by working in the home of her attorney, Catharine’s father, and became an important mother figure to the family before her father remarried in 1808 (Massachusetts Historical Society Collections Online: Witness to America’s Past Description; Lucinda L. Damon-Bach & Victoria Clements, Catharine Maria Sedgwick: Critical Perspectives at xxiii and xxxiv (2003)).
Catharine had used her gift with words to memorialized Mum-Bett’s noble life in her article “Slavery in New England” in 1853 (Miss Sedgewick [sic], “Slavery in New England,” in XXXIV Bentley’s Miscellany at 417, 424 (1853)). Five years after Catharine’s death, Harper & Brothers would do the same for Catharine by publishing a book entitled the Life and Letters of Catharine M. Sedgwick, which was edited by her life-long neighbor, Mary E. Dewey.
Although she lived in Wisconsin, Ella traveled frequently. One of those trips was to Yellowstone National Park with the Wisconsin Press Association. Stella A. Gaines Fifield, a Wisconsin journalist who is in A Woman of the Century, and her husband were in the same Pullman sleeper car as Ella during this Northern Pacific Railroad excursion. Ella spent winters in warmer climates.
After her father passed away in May of 1895, Ella decided to make Los Angeles her home. The Los Angeles Herald celebrated Ella’s entrance into the city with a lengthy laudatory article on September 29th. It concluded with praise from the newspaper and a friend: “Miss Giles possesses the rare quality of magnetism and unconsciously draws people about her. As a friend said of her, she has no sullen brow, no sarcastic smile and no bitter word for a sister’s success; but her cheerful ‘she deserves it all’ is as ready as her warm hand.”
Ella married journalist George Drake Ruddy in 1896. While in Los Angeles, she expanded her social network, getting to know author Hattie Tyng Griswold, Caroline Severance, and numerous others.
By 1902, Ella and George were living at Mission Cottage on Wilshire Boulevard in Los Angeles. She was President of the California Badger Club of Los Angeles and wrote Club Etiquette: A Conversation between a Club Woman and a Non-member Who Answer the Calling Question over the Tea-Cups.
During the Summer of 1904, Ella traveled from California to Short Beach, Connecticut to visit Ella Wheeler Wilcox, her long-time friend and fellow poet, at her spectacular warm-weather home. While on the way, Ella stopped in Boston to visit the homes of Longfellow and Lowell, as well as in Concord to see where Emerson, Hawthorne, and the Alcotts had lived. The two Wisconsin natives collaborated on a book, Around the Year, which was published that year. The next year, Ella wrote the "Description of Mrs. Wilcox's Home and Life" for her friend's autobiography, The Story of A Literary Career. She continued to write poetry, publishing Lace O' Me Life in 1916.
Ella passed away in Los Angeles on June 26, 1917. She is buried in Madison’s Forest Hill Cemetery.
]]>Ella A. Giles was born near Madison, Wisconsin, on February 2, 1851. Growing up in the home of a father who was a philanthropist and a mother who fostered Ella’s love of art and literature, she pursued interests in those areas throughout her life. As her A Woman of the Century profile notes, “She early showed musical talent. Her fine voice was carefully cultivated by Hans Balatka. She was quite distinguished as an oratorio and church singer when her health failed and she was compelled to abandon what promised to be a successful career in music.” (320)
Although her dream was not to be, the resilient Ella was determined to make her mark. Turning to literary pursuits, she wrote Bachelor Ben, her first novel, which was published in 1875 by Madison publishers Atwood & Culver and Chicago publishers Janson, McClurg & Co. It was reviewed by numerous periodicals, including Literary World (August 1, 1875) and Saturday Review (September 25, 1875) and sold one thousand volumes in just sixty days. (Los Angeles Herald) The next year, she published Out from the Shadows, which was reviewed by The Independent on June 15, 1876, and by several other periodicals. In 1879, Ella's newest book, Maiden Rachel, appeared on the shelves of bookstores and libraries. Like her earlier work, it was reviewed by The Independent (August 7, 1879), Literary World (July 5, 1879), and other periodicals. Madison readers would have had an opportunity to meet the author, as Ella became a librarian at the Madison Public Library that year. She remained at the library for five years while giving public talks, writing, and publicizing other writers. On May 21, 1882, Ella penned “The West’s Literature” for a Wisconsin newspaper, promoting the growing literature of her section of the country.
In 1884, while caring for her father, Ella wrote poetry and social science articles. She published Flowers of the Spirit, a volume of her poetry, in 1891. As one of the leaders of the Contemporary Club, she also hosted literary gatherings on topics such as Browning, Emerson, and political economy. (“Unitarian Church Became Established Here in 1869” - Los Angeles Herald ) As “Old Days on West Wilson Street,” a 1922 Capital Times article, recalled, "One of the most attractive of the literary salons of Wisconsin was modestly but most delightfully held at Miss Giles’ [sic] home during her life in Madison. Her friend, Miss Zona Gale, was often a sharer in the pleasures of the gatherings, and a member of the home circle for several winters while a student at the university.” Ella also fought for women’s rights as a member of The Association for the Advancement of Women. (Los Angeles Herald)
Although she lived in Wisconsin, Ella traveled frequently. One of those trips was to Yellowstone National Park with the Wisconsin Press Association. Stella A. Gaines Fifield, a Wisconsin journalist who is in A Woman of the Century, and her husband were in the same Pullman sleeper car as Ella during this Northern Pacific Railroad excursion. Ella spent winters in warmer climates.
After her father passed away in May of 1895, Ella decided to make Los Angeles her home. The Los Angeles Herald celebrated Ella’s entrance into the city with a lengthy laudatory article on September 29th. It concluded with praise from the newspaper and a friend: “Miss Giles possesses the rare quality of magnetism and unconsciously draws people about her. As a friend said of her, she has no sullen brow, no sarcastic smile and no bitter word for a sister’s success; but her cheerful ‘she deserves it all’ is as ready as her warm hand.”
Ella married journalist George Drake Ruddy in 1896. While in Los Angeles, she expanded her social network, getting to know author Hattie Tyng Griswold, Caroline Severance, and numerous others.
By 1902, Ella and George were living at Mission Cottage on Wilshire Boulevard in Los Angeles. She was President of the California Badger Club of Los Angeles and wrote Club Etiquette: A Conversation between a Club Woman and a Non-member Who Answer the Calling Question over the Tea-Cups.
During the Summer of 1904, Ella traveled from California to Short Beach, Connecticut to visit Ella Wheeler Wilcox, her long-time friend and fellow poet, at her spectacular warm-weather home. While on the way, Ella stopped in Boston to visit the homes of Longfellow and Lowell, as well as in Concord to see where Emerson, Hawthorne, and the Alcotts had lived. The two Wisconsin natives collaborated on a book, Around the Year, which was published that year. The next year, Ella wrote the "Description of Mrs. Wilcox's Home and Life" for her friend's autobiography, The Story of A Literary Career. She continued to write poetry, publishing Lace O' Me Life in 1916.
Ella passed away in Los Angeles on June 26, 1917. She is buried in Madison’s Forest Hill Cemetery.
The Washington Times supported Mary Emily's 1894 bill "To prohibit expectoration in public places," noting that it "deserves from the general public as serious consideration as it has been given by the Pro Re Nata Club. It has both aesthetic and sanitary claims."
In 1895, she became a member of the Floyd Memorial Association, a group of people who strove to erect a memorial to the noted explorer of the West.
Mary Emily, who was widowed on Christmas Day in 1899, was living at her Washington, D.C. home at the turn of the century. In mid-February of 1904 and 1905, she attended receptions at the White House given by President and Mrs. Roosevelt. Mary Emily passed away in 1906.
Mary Emily Bennett Coues was born in New York, New York on August 26, 1835.
After traveling to and living abroad, Mary Emily married Philadelphia merchant Joseph W. Bates. In addition to their Philadelphia mansion at 1814 Chestnut Street, the couple lived in Yorkshire, England. Joseph passed away in 1886.
The next year, Mary Emily married Dr. Elliott Coues, a scientist and writer, in a ceremony performed by Edward Everett Hale. Mary Emily and Elliot lived at 1726 N Street NW in Washington, D.C.
Mary Emily and Clara Barton were two of the founding members of the Pro Re Nata women's club in Washington, D.C. in 1892. She was one of Pro Re Nata's representatives to the Washington Liberty Bell Association in 1893, helping to promote a performance of "As You Like It" for people in Washington.
In addition, Mary Emily and Elliott were involved with the World Psychical Science Congress in Chicago in 1893, Mary Emily was a member of the Woman's Psychical Congress Committee, along with Frances Elizabeth Willard, Myra Bradwell, and several other women.
The Washington Times supported Mary Emily's 1894 bill "To prohibit expectoration in public places," noting that it "deserves from the general public as serious consideration as it has been given by the Pro Re Nata Club. It has both aesthetic and sanitary claims."
In 1895, she became a member of the Floyd Memorial Association, a group of people who strove to erect a memorial to the noted explorer of the West.
Mary Emily, who was widowed on Christmas Day in 1899, was living at her Washington, D.C. home at the turn of the century. In mid-February of 1904 and 1905, she attended receptions at the White House given by President and Mrs. Roosevelt. Mary Emily passed away in 1906.
Having loved writing from an early age, Susanna became a contributor to periodicals and magazines. She also was a very talented hymn writer.
Susanna passed away on November 30, 1905 and was buried in Mount Auburn Cemetery.
]]>Author Susanna Valentine Aldrich was born in Hopkinton, MA on November 14, 1828. She later lived in Roxbury, MA.
Having loved writing from an early age, Susanna became a contributor to periodicals and magazines. She also was a very talented hymn writer.
Susanna passed away on November 30, 1905 and was buried in Mount Auburn Cemetery.
She passed away on March 4, 1921, and was buried in Dansville's Green Mount Cemetery.
]]>Katharine Johnson Jackson, daughter of former Massachusetts senator and representative Hon. Emerson Johnson, was born in Sturbridge, Massachusetts, on April 7, 1841. Following periods of public school and home school instruction, she entered a prestigious school in Hopedale, Massachusetts, at age sixteen. Katharine subsequently completed her high school studies at a school in Hartford, Connecticut, where she later taught. To further her education, she studied stenography and was likely one of its first woman practitioners.
In 1861, Katharine, also referred to as Kate, began her lifelong career at Our Home on the Hillside, as private secretary to Dr. James C. Jackson, director of the Jackson Sanatorium. Established in 1858, the Jackson Sanatorium was founded on two basic principles: to restore sick people to health, and to teach the philosophy of health by right living. While employed at the sanatorium in Dansville, New York, she met and later married James H. Jackson, the son of Dr. James C. Jackson. They had one child, James Arthur Jackson, who was born a few years after their 1864 marriage. During these years Katharine and James attended medical school. She attended The Women's Medical College of the New York Infirmary where she graduated as valedictorian of her class. James completed his medical school at Bellevue.
Following her graduation, Katharine worked as a physician and managing staff member at The Jackson Sanatorium where she helped to make the home a haven of rest for the sick and suffering. Dr. Kate Jackson was intensely devoted to helping people both physically and spiritually. While acutely aware and interested in contemporary women's issues, the rigorous nature of her professional life prevented her from being as active in social causes as she would have liked. Kate was noted to be a persuasive and informative speaker who educated the staff and patients of the sanatorium regarding health and other practical subjects. The physical and spiritual care Dr. Jackson gave to her patients, and the education she provided to enable patients to care for themselves, established her as an inspiration among nineteenth-century women.
She passed away on March 4, 1921, and was buried in Dansville's Green Mount Cemetery.
In December of 1841, Lydia began teaching at Mason Street Public School in Salem, and by 1860, she was serving as principal. She continued in this capacity until the end of the 1871-1872 academic year, The next school year, she became principal of Dunlap Street School.
While busy with her career in education, Lydia also found time to create paintings and clay models, to write poetry and prose, and to design and illustrate books. Her design for the book “Red Riding Hood,” in the shape of the main character, was innovative and very popular.
An advocate of corporal punishment for children, Lydia wrote to Charles Brown Lore, Chief Justice of the Delaware Supreme Court, in the Spring of 1901 to support his views on this issue. She passed away later that year, on September 10, 1901 and was buried in Old South Cemetery in Peabody, Massachusetts.
]]>Lydia Louisa Anna Very was born on November 2, 1823, in Salem, Massachusetts, the youngest child of Jones and Lydia Very. Her father passed away when Lydia was just a year old.
In December of 1841, Lydia began teaching at Mason Street Public School in Salem, and by 1860, she was serving as principal. She continued in this capacity until the end of the 1871-1872 academic year, The next school year, she became principal of Dunlap Street School.
While busy with her career in education, Lydia also found time to create paintings and clay models, to write poetry and prose, and to design and illustrate books. Her design for the book “Red Riding Hood,” in the shape of the main character, was innovative and very popular.
An advocate of corporal punishment for children, Lydia wrote to Charles Brown Lore, Chief Justice of the Delaware Supreme Court, in the Spring of 1901 to support his views on this issue. She passed away later that year, on September 10, 1901 and was buried in Old South Cemetery in Peabody, Massachusetts.
Catharine was the legal advisor for the National American Woman Suffrage Association, while also serving as an auditor, and later the Vice-President. At the time of the 1912 Presidential campaign, Catharine insisted that the Republican Party would suffer the wrath of the suffragists if suffrage was not included in the platform.
Later that year, she placed an ad in the Rock Island Argus that she would pay one dollar for every one hundred signatures collected in support of Illinois suffrage. While she toiled mightily for suffrage, Catharine was quite vocal in her opposition to the "militant methods" of British suffrage leader Emmeline Pankhurst. Her efforts were successful and Illinois women gained suffrage in 1913.
Catharine was overjoyed when the Illinois Democratic state convention selected her as a 1916 delegate for Woodrow Wison, commenting, "The Democratic party has, indeed, put itself out to honor womanhood." She continued her efforts for suffrage for Illinois women in February of 1917, arguing for an amendment, against Grace Wilbur Trout, who believed that a convention alone would suffice. Unfortunately for Catharine, the constitutional convention route was chosen by the time September came. According to Free-Trader Journal, Catharine wanted to unify women in the state, so she agreed to support the constitutional convention. Catharine continued to speak in Iowa and other states in support of suffrage.
Once the League of Women Voters was founded in 1919, Catharine was involved with this organization. By 1922, she was the chair of the committee on uniform laws. According to Washington D.C.'s Evening Star, this committee advocated for several issues related to marriage and motherhood.
A 1926 article by Lillian Campbell celebrated Catharine's forty years of having success in her law practice. After mentioning some of her professional accomplishments, it notes, "She is the mother of four children, all university graduates, and two of her sons practice law with their father and mother."
Catharine continued being active in the Democratic Party, speaking at the conventions of the National Woman's Democratic Law Enforcement League in 1929 and 1931, and serving as its Second Vice President from 1929 until at least 1932. She also served her country as a member of the Committee on Cultural Relations with Latin America.
During her long career, in addition to her work in the field of law and her suffrage work, Catharine found time to advocate for temperance, to serve as legal advisor to the W.C.T.U., to write books and plays., and to participate in numerous organizations in the Chicago area.
Catharine passed away in Evanston on April 20, 1945, and was buried three days later in Chicago's Graceland Cemetery.
Catharine Waugh McCulloch was born in Ransomville, New York, on June 4, 1862. She graduated from Rockford Female Seminary, earning both a bachelor's degree and master's degree, and attended Union College of Law.
A temperance advocate from an early age, Catharine was a member of the Young Woman's Christian Temperance Union. Also passionate about suffrage, she passed out a pro-suffrage speech to counter the anti-suffrage speech that her town's Presbyterian minister was giving.
Catharine practiced law with Frank Hathorn McCulloch, a law school classmate whom she married on May 30, 1890, in Winnebago, Illinois. Their firm was known as McCulloch & McCulloch.
Catharine spoke at many events in support of suffrage. At the Cleveland convention in 1896, she and Julia Holmes Smith each presented an argument for the Democratic Party supporting suffrage.
One milestone in Catharine's legal career was on February 21, 1898, when she was admitted to practice before the Supreme Court.
By 1900, Catharine was listed as a lawyer living at 2236 Orrington Avenue in Evanston with her husband and her children, Hugh and Hathorn.
Catharine and Frank filed an argument and brief in Chicago in support of municipal suffrage for women in late May of 1906. The next year, when Catharine was elected justice of the peace for Evanston, and the first female justice of the peace in the country, she changed the marriage contract to omit the wording that a woman must obey her husband.
The McCullochs took a four-month trip to Europe during the summer of 1908 and visited several countries. By this time, their family had had expanded to include two younger children, Catharine and Frank.
Catharine spoke before the Society of Anthropology in 1909, making an argument that "woman was the originator of most of the good things in the world." After praising women from Eve on, she asked her audience to vote on woman suffrage and got a positive result.
Catharine was the legal advisor for the National American Woman Suffrage Association, while also serving as an auditor, and later the Vice-President. At the time of the 1912 Presidential campaign, Catharine insisted that the Republican Party would suffer the wrath of the suffragists if suffrage was not included in the platform.
Later that year, she placed an ad in the Rock Island Argus that she would pay one dollar for every one hundred signatures collected in support of Illinois suffrage. While she toiled mightily for suffrage, Catharine was quite vocal in her opposition to the "militant methods" of British suffrage leader Emmeline Pankhurst. Her efforts were successful and Illinois women gained suffrage in 1913.
Catharine was overjoyed when the Illinois Democratic state convention selected her as a 1916 delegate for Woodrow Wison, commenting, "The Democratic party has, indeed, put itself out to honor womanhood." She continued her efforts for suffrage for Illinois women in February of 1917, arguing for an amendment, against Grace Wilbur Trout, who believed that a convention alone would suffice. Unfortunately for Catharine, the constitutional convention route was chosen by the time September came. According to Free-Trader Journal, Catharine wanted to unify women in the state, so she agreed to support the constitutional convention. Catharine continued to speak in Iowa and other states in support of suffrage.
Once the League of Women Voters was founded in 1919, Catharine was involved with this organization. By 1922, she was the chair of the committee on uniform laws. According to Washington D.C.'s Evening Star, this committee advocated for several issues related to marriage and motherhood.
A 1926 article by Lillian Campbell celebrated Catharine's forty years of having success in her law practice. After mentioning some of her professional accomplishments, it notes, "She is the mother of four children, all university graduates, and two of her sons practice law with their father and mother."
Catharine continued being active in the Democratic Party, speaking at the conventions of the National Woman's Democratic Law Enforcement League in 1929 and 1931, and serving as its Second Vice President from 1929 until at least 1932. She also served her country as a member of the Committee on Cultural Relations with Latin America.
During her long career, in addition to her work in the field of law and her suffrage work, Catharine found time to advocate for temperance, to serve as legal advisor to the W.C.T.U., to write books and plays., and to participate in numerous organizations in the Chicago area.
Catharine passed away in Evanston on April 20, 1945, and was buried three days later in Chicago's Graceland Cemetery.
After meeting her husband, Richard Cartwright, in June of 1890, she moved to Salem, Oregon. Florence devoted her life to her literary work and made an earnest living traveling throughout the world. She wrote various works, including a sestina featured in the May 1884 volume of Harper's Magazine. Florence's preferred and favorite style of poetry was sonnets.
Florence passed away on September 22, 1944, and is buried in Mount Crest Abbey Mausoleum in Salem, Oregon.
Florence Byrne Cartwright was born in Galena, Illinois, on December 27, 1863. She resided in Grass Valley, California, where she became postmistress in December of 1887, following the death of postmaster father.
After meeting her husband, Richard Cartwright, in June of 1890, she moved to Salem, Oregon. Florence devoted her life to her literary work and made an earnest living traveling throughout the world. She wrote various works, including a sestina featured in the May 1884 volume of Harper's Magazine. Florence's preferred and favorite style of poetry was sonnets.
Florence passed away on September 22, 1944, and is buried in Mount Crest Abbey Mausoleum in Salem, Oregon.
Also a writer, Anna published the novel What Answer? in 1868. Next, she decided to pursue playwriting and acting. Anna wrote a play called "A Crown of Thorns" and made her debut on the stage. When this career path ultimately failed, she decided to return to lecturing and continued to write plays.
Anna died in Goshen, New York when she was eighty-nine. She is buried at Slate Hill Cemetery, Goshen, New York.
Anna Elizabeth Dickinson was born on October 28, 1842 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Her father passed away in 1844, when Anna was two years old. She went to the Friends' Free School, studied hard, and read constantly.
By the age of fifteen, Anna had written her first article on slavery and had spoken at a meeting for the Anti-Slavery movement. She taught in Berks County, Pennsylvania before becoming a professional lecturer. Anna traveled around New England delivering addresses about slavery, temperance,and politics. When Anna gave an address in Washington, D.C. during the early 1860s, she donated all of the proceeds from the event to the Freedmen's Relief Society.
Also a writer, Anna published the novel What Answer? in 1868. Next, she decided to pursue playwriting and acting. Anna wrote a play called "A Crown of Thorns" and made her debut on the stage. When this career path ultimately failed, she decided to return to lecturing and continued to write plays.
Anna died in Goshen, New York when she was eighty-nine. She is buried at Slate Hill Cemetery, Goshen, New York.
She attended the State Normal School in Albany, then began her teaching career in Mamaroneck, New York. Next, Elizabeth became a gymnastics instructor at Vassar College. From there, she moved to Florence, Massachusetts, and met the lawyer Henry Herrick Bond. . They married and became parents to two sons, Edwin Powell Bond, who was born in 1874, and Herrick Tyler Bond, who was born in 1878, but died in infancy.
Elizabeth spent the majority of her life teaching young children, as well as using her home to teach some of her pupils who were struggling in school. Since they were interested in sharing local news and events, Elizabeth and her husband edited “The Northampton Journal.”
Bond was an educator and social activist who fought for women's rights, as well as for the rights of African Americans. In addition, Elizabeth devoted a lot of time and effort to activities related to her Quaker religion. Her personal network included Louisa May Alcott, Ellen Tucker Emerson, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Fanny Garrison Villard, William Lloyd Garrison, and Dio Lewis. Elizabeth was the first Dean of Women at Swarthmore College, a position she held from 1890 to 1906. In 1901, Elizabeth wrote “Words by the Way,” which she dedicated to Swarthmore’s students.
During her later years, Elizabeth enjoyed gardening. She passed away in Germantown, Pennsylvania, on March 29, 1926, and was buried in Spring Grove Cemetery, Florence, Massachusetts.
]]>Elizabeth Powell Bond was born to Catherine Macy Powell and Townsend Powell on January 25th, 1841, in Clinton, New York. She had an older brother named Aaron. When Elizabeth was four years old, the family moved to Ghent, New York where she grew up.
She attended the State Normal School in Albany, then began her teaching career in Mamaroneck, New York. Next, Elizabeth became a gymnastics instructor at Vassar College. From there, she moved to Florence, Massachusetts, and met the lawyer Henry Herrick Bond. . They married and became parents to two sons, Edwin Powell Bond, who was born in 1874, and Herrick Tyler Bond, who was born in 1878, but died in infancy.
Elizabeth spent the majority of her life teaching young children, as well as using her home to teach some of her pupils who were struggling in school. Since they were interested in sharing local news and events, Elizabeth and her husband edited “The Northampton Journal.”
Bond was an educator and social activist who fought for women's rights, as well as for the rights of African Americans. In addition, Elizabeth devoted a lot of time and effort to activities related to her Quaker religion. Her personal network included Louisa May Alcott, Ellen Tucker Emerson, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Fanny Garrison Villard, William Lloyd Garrison, and Dio Lewis. Elizabeth was the first Dean of Women at Swarthmore College, a position she held from 1890 to 1906. In 1901, Elizabeth wrote “Words by the Way,” which she dedicated to Swarthmore’s students.
During her later years, Elizabeth enjoyed gardening. She passed away in Germantown, Pennsylvania, on March 29, 1926, and was buried in Spring Grove Cemetery, Florence, Massachusetts.
Susan Frances Nelson Ferree was born in Mount Pleasant, Iowa, on January 14, 1844, and grew up in Keokuk, Iowa. She married Jerome D. Ferree in 1860 and had several children. From the 1860s to the late 1870s, the family first lived in Keokuk, Iowa, and then moved to Ottumwa, Iowa.
Her A Woman of the Century profile notes:
"Mrs. Ferree is a great lover of poetry, of which she has written much, but she excels in journalism. Some of her newspaper correspondence from Washington, D.C. is exceptionally fine. She is an untiring worker for temperance and for the advancement of woman (sic). She is a member of the Order of the Eastern Star, Woman's Relief Corps, the Iowa Woman's Suffrage Association, and the local Woman's Christian Temperance Union, and a communicant of St. Mary's Episcopal Church of Ottumwa" (287).
In addition, Susan was a member of the Daughters of the American Revolution. She was one of the three Ottumwa, Iowa delegates to the DAR meeting in Washington, D.C. in 1901.
Susan and Jerome were living on Ingraham Street in Los Angeles, California, in 1910, but they moved to San Diego, California, the following year. After she did not accompany him to Arizona, the couple divorced in 1913.
Susan passed away in Monterey, California, on September 30, 1919, and her ashes were buried in the family plot in Ottumwa.
]]>Susan Frances Nelson Ferree is our Woman of the Week. Please view the link in our profile to see links related to Susan.
Susan Frances Nelson Ferree was born in Mount Pleasant, Iowa, on January 14, 1844, and grew up in Keokuk, Iowa. She married Jerome D. Ferree in 1860 and had several children. From the 1860s to the late 1870s, the family first lived in Keokuk, Iowa, and then moved to Ottumwa, Iowa.
Her A Woman of the Century profile notes:
"Mrs. Ferree is a great lover of poetry, of which she has written much, but she excels in journalism. Some of her newspaper correspondence from Washington, D.C. is exceptionally fine. She is an untiring worker for temperance and for the advancement of woman (sic). She is a member of the Order of the Eastern Star, Woman's Relief Corps, the Iowa Woman's Suffrage Association, and the local Woman's Christian Temperance Union, and a communicant of St. Mary's Episcopal Church of Ottumwa" (287).
In addition, Susan was a member of the Daughters of the American Revolution. She was one of the three Ottumwa, Iowa delegates to the DAR meeting in Washington, D.C. in 1901.
Susan and Jerome were living on Ingraham Street in Los Angeles, California, in 1910, but they moved to San Diego, California, the following year. After she did not accompany him to Arizona, the couple divorced in 1913.
Susan passed away in Monterey, California, on September 30, 1919, and her ashes were buried in the family plot in Ottumwa.
She passed away in Mount Carmel, KY on April 29, 1923.
]]>Educator and missionary Alice S. Foxworthy was born in Mount Carmel, KY on December 22, 1852.
Alice attended Stanford Academy in Stanford, KY and later taught there. She also taught at Catlettsburg High School (KY), East Kentucky Normal School, and Tennessee Female College, whre she was presiding teacher.
In 1884, Alice became principal of the Nashville College of Young Ladies, a Methodist institution led by Rev. George W. G. Price, and served in this capacity for many years. During this time, she also pursued graduate work at the Peabody Normal School of Nashville, graduating in 1890.
She became President of Martin College in Pulaski, TN in early 1894. The next year, Alice married J.B. Glascock in Mount Carmel, KY. He passed away just two months later, leaving the new bride a widow. Within two years, she became Principal of Boscobel College for Young Ladies, a Baptist women's college in Nashville. By 1909, Alice was living in Flemingsburg, KY and was involved with activities at Chevy Chase College. Later that year, Alice resided in Washington, D.C.
Alice was very involved with religious activities, serving as a sabbath school teacher and a missionary worker.
She passed away in Mount Carmel, KY on April 29, 1923.
Desiring to become a journalist, she changed her career course. Helen moved to Boston, Massachusetts, and became a reporter for the Bar Harbor Record, as the Boston correspondent, and Boston's Saturday Evening Gazette. She was an early member of the New England Woman's Press Association, serving as the recording secretary until April of 1891. (Lord, 54) At that time, she returned to Maine to become managing editor of the Bar Harbor Record, but her tenure there came to an end when the new owner fired her. She moved back to Boston and wrote for the Boston Home Journal (Vandenberg and Shettleworth). Helen was a determined journalist. As the Savannah Courier of January 14, 1892, noted: "MISS HELEN SMITH, who edited the Bar Harbor Record last summer, is said to be the only editor who succeeded in procuring an interview with Mr. Blaine" (1).
In 1893, Helen returned to Sullivan Harbor, bought the Bar Harbor Record, and became managing editor of the newspaper (Vandenberg and Shettleworth). In addition, she was manager of the Bar Harbor Press Co., a job printing establishment tied to the Bar Harbor Record. By 1897, Helen was catering to, and making a profit off of, the many wealthy people who flocked to the area during the warm weather by issuing semi-weekly editions of The Society Journal of Mt. Desert Island. Helen retired from the Bar Harbor Record in November of 1904 (Maine Press Association Report, 33). She became publisher of Bar Harbor Life in 1918, continuing in this position for several years. While spending the winter in Boston in 1923, Helen wrote “Jottings from Boston” for The Bangor News. Later that year, she was run over while in Boston and suffered serious injuries. Helen passed away on December 16, 1923, and was buried in Sullivan Harbor’s York Hill Cemetery.
]]>Helen Morton Smith was born in Sullivan Harbor, Maine, on December 12, 1859. After she was educated at a convent in Michigan, Helen returned to Maine and became a teacher. By 1888, Helen was teaching at her own private school in Bar Harbor, Maine.
Desiring to become a journalist, she changed her career course. Helen moved to Boston, Massachusetts, and became a reporter for the Bar Harbor Record, as the Boston correspondent, and Boston's Saturday Evening Gazette. She was an early member of the New England Woman's Press Association, serving as the recording secretary until April of 1891. (Lord, 54) At that time, she returned to Maine to become managing editor of the Bar Harbor Record, but her tenure there came to an end when the new owner fired her. She moved back to Boston and wrote for the Boston Home Journal (Vandenberg and Shettleworth). Helen was a determined journalist. As the Savannah Courier of January 14, 1892, noted: "MISS HELEN SMITH, who edited the Bar Harbor Record last summer, is said to be the only editor who succeeded in procuring an interview with Mr. Blaine" (1).
In 1893, Helen returned to Sullivan Harbor, bought the Bar Harbor Record, and became managing editor of the newspaper (Vandenberg and Shettleworth). In addition, she was manager of the Bar Harbor Press Co., a job printing establishment tied to the Bar Harbor Record. By 1897, Helen was catering to, and making a profit off of, the many wealthy people who flocked to the area during the warm weather by issuing semi-weekly editions of The Society Journal of Mt. Desert Island. Helen retired from the Bar Harbor Record in November of 1904 (Maine Press Association Report, 33). She became publisher of Bar Harbor Life in 1918, continuing in this position for several years. While spending the winter in Boston in 1923, Helen wrote “Jottings from Boston” for The Bangor News. Later that year, she was run over while in Boston and suffered serious injuries. Helen passed away on December 16, 1923, and was buried in Sullivan Harbor’s York Hill Cemetery.
After her graduation in 1884, she returned to Ohio. Minnie married Benjamin C. Trago on May 9, 1885, but their marriage was not a happy one. She left in 1886 for two years abroad, in Vienna and Paris, to hone her medical skills. Next, Minnie returned to Portsmouth and became president of the Hempstead Academy of Medicine. She married Dr. Charles F. Dight in 1892, and the couple lived in Faribault, Minnesota, Portsmouth, New Hampshire, New Orleans, Louisiana, Chicago, Illinois, Ann Arbor, Michigan, and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, until their divorce in 1899. In addition to her work as a physician, Minnie was involved with social reform.
During the first decade of the twentieth century, Minnie returned to Vienna and Paris. When she came back to the United States in 1913, Minnie lived in New York City and had her summer cottage, Rocky Knoll, in Colebrook, New Hampshire. In 1921, Minnie planned to build a winter home in the Washington suburbs. She passed away in Colebrook on February 8, 1923.
]]>Mrs. Mary A. G.. Dight, also known as "Minnie," was born in Portsmouth, Ohio, on November 7, 1860. A talented musician, she attended the New England Conservatory of Music in Boston, Massachusetts. When she decided to change career paths to become a physician, Minnie attended the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, Michigan.
After her graduation in 1884, she returned to Ohio. Minnie married Benjamin C. Trago on May 9, 1885, but their marriage was not a happy one. She left in 1886 for two years abroad, in Vienna and Paris, to hone her medical skills. Next, Minnie returned to Portsmouth and became president of the Hempstead Academy of Medicine. She married Dr. Charles F. Dight in 1892, and the couple lived in Faribault, Minnesota, Portsmouth, New Hampshire, New Orleans, Louisiana, Chicago, Illinois, Ann Arbor, Michigan, and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, until their divorce in 1899. In addition to her work as a physician, Minnie was involved with social reform.
During the first decade of the twentieth century, Minnie returned to Vienna and Paris. When she came back to the United States in 1913, Minnie lived in New York City and had her summer cottage, Rocky Knoll, in Colebrook, New Hampshire. In 1921, Minnie planned to build a winter home in the Washington suburbs. She passed away in Colebrook on February 8, 1923.
Mary Allice Glidden Crawford in the Ohio, U.S., County Marriage Records, 1774-1993. Film Number: 000292697. Located on Ancestry.com.
Louisa was involved in many philanthropic and reform activities, including ministering to the sick using the Water Cure, and participating in philanthropy, anti-slavery reform, temperance reform, and suffrage efforts. Louisa utilized her public speaking and journalistic talents on behalf of the causes she believed in.
Before the Civil War, Louisa wrote poetry, contributed articles to the Oxford Democrat, and led anti-slavery efforts in her area As her daughter Christina later remembered, Louisa was very active in the war effort: "During the civil war Mrs. Greene's patriotic labors were untiring. In addition to multitudinous household duties, which were always faithfully performed, she took upon herself the labor of collecting, preparing and forwarding hospital supplies for the boys at the front who were so dear to her heart."
In 1869, Louisa's family moved to Manassas, Virginia, residing at the home they named Birmingham. She became a widow four years later.
Louisa passed away in Washington, D.C. on March 5, 1900, and her ashes were buried in the family plot at St. Paul's Cemetery in Alexandria, Virginia. In addition to Christina's beautiful obituary, Louisa's daughter Estelle also penned a farewell announcement and included a poem that she had written about her mother's passing. Within her tribute, Estelle included Louisa's motto: "Help for the living and hope for the dead."
At the National American Woman Suffrage Association Convention in February of 1902, it was announced that Louisa had bequeathed $100 to the organization.
Louisa Morton Willard Greene was born in Ashburnham, Massachusetts, on May 23, 1819. She worked in a woolen mill in Dedham, Massachusetts, where she began writing, and later taught in Portsmouth, New Hampshire.
After marrying businessman and politician Jonas Greene in 1841, Louisa became the mother of a son, Jonas Willard Greene, who was stillborn, two younger sons, Willard Jonas Greene and George Henry Greene, and five daughters, Martha, Estelle, Christina, Wilma, and Charlena. The family lived in Peru, Maine.
Louisa was involved in many philanthropic and reform activities, including ministering to the sick using the Water Cure, and participating in philanthropy, anti-slavery reform, temperance reform, and suffrage efforts. Louisa utilized her public speaking and journalistic talents on behalf of the causes she believed in.
Before the Civil War, Louisa wrote poetry, contributed articles to the Oxford Democrat, and led anti-slavery efforts in her area As her daughter Christina later remembered, Louisa was very active in the war effort: "During the civil war Mrs. Greene's patriotic labors were untiring. In addition to multitudinous household duties, which were always faithfully performed, she took upon herself the labor of collecting, preparing and forwarding hospital supplies for the boys at the front who were so dear to her heart."
In 1869, Louisa's family moved to Manassas, Virginia, residing at the home they named Birmingham. She became a widow four years later.
Louisa passed away in Washington, D.C. on March 5, 1900, and her ashes were buried in the family plot at St. Paul's Cemetery in Alexandria, Virginia. In addition to Christina's beautiful obituary, Louisa's daughter Estelle also penned a farewell announcement and included a poem that she had written about her mother's passing. Within her tribute, Estelle included Louisa's motto: "Help for the living and hope for the dead."
At the National American Woman Suffrage Association Convention in February of 1902, it was announced that Louisa had bequeathed $100 to the organization.
She passed away on August 1, 1921.
]]>Helen Vickroy Austin was born in Miamisburg, Ohio on July 19, 1829. She later lived in Ferndale, Pennsylvania, Richmond, Indiana, and Vineland, New Jersey. Helen married William W. Austin in 1850 and became the mother of three children.
She was a horticulturalist, journalist, philanthropist, reformer, temperance worker, and suffragist.
On May 18 and 19, 1870, Helen, her sister Louise Esther Vickroy Boyd, her brother-in-law S.S. Boyd, and other local women and men led the Mass Convention in the Lyceum Hall in Richmond, Indiana to discuss women's rights. By June of 1872, she was serving as corresponding secretary of the Indiana Womans' Suffrage Association. Helen also served as Secretary for the Woman's Christian Association in Richmond during that decade. By 1874, she was a correspondent for The Daily Independent.
Helen was a member of the Daughters of Temperance, the National Woman's Indian Rights Association, the Indiana Woman's Suffrage Association, the Woman's Christian Associaiton, and The Travelers' League.
She passed away on August 1, 1921.
During Theodore Roosevelt’s 1912 Presidential Campaign, Corinne was chair of the “Georgia Moosettes” for Atlanta’s Fifth Congressional District. She and numerous other Georgian women supported Roosevelt’s Progressive platform because they saw it as a positive force for women.
Corinne was married to Chauncey Smith by 1920, a marriage that lasted until his death in the early 1930s. She lived in Atlanta with her daughter for many years, then she moved to Baldwin in the 1940s. Corinne passed away in Fulton, Georgia on September 11, 1947 and was buried in Atlanta's Crest Lawn Cemetery.
Elocutionist and journalist Corinne Stocker was born in Orangeburg, South Carolina on August 21, 1871, but she lived most of her life in Atlanta, Georgia. She was an extremely intelligent and talented woman. As her A Woman of the Century profile notes:
"At an early age Corinne showed a decided histrionic talent. In her ninth year she won the Peabody medal for elocution in the Atlanta schools over competitors aged from eight to twenty-five years. In 1889, she was placed in the Cincinnati College of Music, where she made the most brilliant record in the history of the school, completing a four year course in seven months."
After graduation, Corinne conducted parlor readings and taught elocution. She was a very popular teacher, but after a year she decided to forge a journalism career and joined the Atlanta Journal.
In March of 1892, when she was just twenty, Corinne's "Field of Woman's Work" was published in Atlanta Journal and then reprinted in The Herald and News.
She was a member of the Governing Board of the Georgia Women's Press Club, where her colleagues included Leonora Beck and Ellen J. Dortch,
During the time of the Atlanta Exposition in 1895, the Waterbury Democrat of Connecticut noted Corinne as one of the "leading women" journalists in Atlanta. It also noted her female colleagues at the Atlanta Journal, Mary Louise Huntley, Brent Whiteside, and Mary Jackson, as well as Emily Verdery Battey and other prominent Georgia women
On June 17, 1896, Corinne married Thaddeus E. Horton, another South Carolina native who had become managing editor of the Atlanta Journal in late 1894, at St. Luke's Church in Atlanta. The couple lived in Atlanta until they moved to New York City in late 1897. The Anderson Intelligencer of October 20, 1897, noted the Atlanta Journal's piece about their move:
"Mr. and Mrs. Thaddeus Horton have scores of friends who will read with mingled emotions of interest, congratulations and regret that they leave soon to make their home in New York. Mrs. Horton has lived in Atlanta all her life and Mr. Horton for the past seven years; and both have warm friends who hate to see them go, and yet who realize that the going means literary advancement. Mr. Horton has accepted a position on the Times, and Mrs. Horton will pursue her literary work at the great center of things with increased advantage."
Unfortunately, their life in New York was not as happy as it was anticipated to be. Thad served as political editor of The New York Times until he died of typhoid fever on November 21, 1899. The next April, Corinne, who had moved back to Atlanta and was living with her mother, gave birth to their daughter, Thaddesia Edgarda.
While raising her infant in 1900, Corinne wrote for the September and October volumes of Ladies' Home Journal. She continued writing throughout the decade, contributing to House Beautiful and Uncle Remus's Magazine.
In 1909, Corinne founded the Atlanta Players' Club and was in charge of a benefit performance at the Grand Opera House. She also directed a performance of an Oscar Wilde play. Corine continued her writing as well, contributing "Old South in American Architecture" to the Uncle Remus's Magazine for October, 1909.
During Theodore Roosevelt’s 1912 Presidential Campaign, Corinne was chair of the “Georgia Moosettes” for Atlanta’s Fifth Congressional District. She and numerous other Georgian women supported Roosevelt’s Progressive platform because they saw it as a positive force for women.
Corinne was married to Chauncey Smith by 1920, a marriage that lasted until his death in the early 1930s. She lived in Atlanta with her daughter for many years, then she moved to Baldwin in the 1940s. Corinne passed away in Fulton, Georgia on September 11, 1947 and was buried in Atlanta's Crest Lawn Cemetery.
Zerelda Gray Wallace was born in Millersburg, Bourbon County, Kentucky on August 6, 1817. She was a temperance reformer, a woman suffragist, a public speaker, and an author.
Zerelda spent her youth in Millersburg and her teenage years in New Castle, Kentucky and Indianapolis, Indiana. At age nineteen, she married Indiana's Lieutenant Governor, David Wallace, and became stepmother to his sons. One of those sons was Lew Wallace, who wrote Ben Hur and used Zerelda as the model for the mother in the book. David was elected to Congress the next year, and Zerelda spent some time in Washington, DC.
She was a member of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, as well as the first President of Indiana's chapter, and Zerelda spoke frequently about the cause. Also very involved in the suffrage movement, Zerelda was an active participant in the Equal Suffrage Society of Indianapolis. Zerelda participated in many conventions, including the National Woman Suffrage Convention in 1880, the first International Convention of Women, the Suffrage Convention in 1887, and the Women's Council in 1888. She also lectured about women's rights. In addition, Zerelda was involved in missionary work for her church, the Central Christian Church. Her publications included A Whole Humanity (1887), Mrs. Wallace on Equal Suffrage (1890), and Suggestions of a Line of Study: For Woman Suffrage Leagues and Good Citizenship Clubs (1891).
Zerelda embarked on a lengthy lecture tour in 1891. After she became seriously ill during a lecture, Susan B. Anthony and Frances E. Willard were just two of many friends who inquired about her health. Fortunately, Zerelda recovered from this illness, as well as another in 1896.
During her later years, Zerelda lived with family members in Cataract, Indiana. She passed away on March 19, 1901.
Later, while she was living in Grand Rapids, Michigan in 1883, Rose was awarded an honorary M.A. degree from Hillsdale College. The same year, "Curfew Must Not Ring To-Night" was published as a book.
Due to Mr. Thorpe's health issues, the family then moved to San Antonio, Texas and resided there for four years. In the late 1880s, Rose and her family moved again, this time to San Diego, California. She kept writing, and Ringing Ballads, including Curfew Must Not Ring Tonight made its debut in 1887.
During her long and successful career, Christian Science Journal, Detroit Free Press, Happy Days, Our Continent, St. Nicholas, Wide Awake, and Youth's Companion published Rose's work.
In 1895, "Curfew Must Not Ring Tonight" was published as a song, with music by Stanley Hawley. During the same year, Rose wrote the "Introduction" to As Others See Us, or, The Rules and Customs of Refined Homes and Polite Society. She published The Poetical Works of Rose Hartwick Thorpe, Compiled by the Author in 1912.
When Litchfield, Michigan celebrated its anniversary in 1934, Rose wrote the Centennial Theme Song. In addition, July 21 was designated Rose Hartwick Thorpe Day and the Rose Hartwick Thorpe Memorial was dedicated.
Rose passed away in 1939.
Rose Hartwick Thorpe was born in Mishawaka, Indiana on July 18, 1850, and she spent her teenage years in Litchfield, Michigan.
She became famous for her poem "Curfew Must Not Ring Tonight," which was published in the Detroit Commercial Advertiser in 1870.
Rose married Edmund C. Thorpe in 1871. Their family expanded to include a daughter, and the Thorpe family lived in Chicago, Illinois.
She became the editor of three monthly periodicals, Temperance Tales, Well-Spring, about the home, and Words of Life, a Sunday School monthly, all published by Chicago publisher Fleming H. Revell.
Later, while she was living in Grand Rapids, Michigan in 1883, Rose was awarded an honorary M.A. degree from Hillsdale College. The same year, "Curfew Must Not Ring To-Night" was published as a book.
Due to Mr. Thorpe's health issues, the family then moved to San Antonio, Texas and resided there for four years. In the late 1880s, Rose and her family moved again, this time to San Diego, California. She kept writing, and Ringing Ballads, including Curfew Must Not Ring Tonight made its debut in 1887.
During her long and successful career, Christian Science Journal, Detroit Free Press, Happy Days, Our Continent, St. Nicholas, Wide Awake, and Youth's Companion published Rose's work.
In 1895, "Curfew Must Not Ring Tonight" was published as a song, with music by Stanley Hawley. During the same year, Rose wrote the "Introduction" to As Others See Us, or, The Rules and Customs of Refined Homes and Polite Society. She published The Poetical Works of Rose Hartwick Thorpe, Compiled by the Author in 1912.
When Litchfield, Michigan celebrated its anniversary in 1934, Rose wrote the Centennial Theme Song. In addition, July 21 was designated Rose Hartwick Thorpe Day and the Rose Hartwick Thorpe Memorial was dedicated.
Rose passed away in 1939.
"The City of Ashland" in Historical souvenir : recording the story of the origin and growth of the parish of St. Agnes, especially the activities of the Franciscan Fathers of the past fifty years, 1885-1935, commemorating the golden jubilee, June 9 and 10, 1936. Ashland, Wis. : St. Agnes Church, 1936?
in
Haithi Trust
McCann, Dennis. This Superior Place: Stories of Bayfield and the Apostle Islands, p. 119.
in
Google Books
Amelia B. Coppuck Welby was born in St. Michael's, Maryland, on February 3, 1819. Best known by her pseudonym "Amelia," she was an author who spent most of her life in Louisville, Kentucky.
Amelia's first contributions were to The Louisville Journal. The Southern Literary Messenger published Amelia's poem "Musings" in its April 1841 issue and her "The Presence of God" in its issue for December of that year.
Poems by Amelia was published by Abel Tompkins of Boston in 1845, and her book received a positive review in The Southern Quarterly Review. As Amelia's A Woman of the Century profile notes, "It was republished in 1850, in New York, in enlarged form, with illustrations by Robert W. Weir" (757). Amelia also contributed to Graham's Magazine in 1852.
She passed away in Louisville on May 3, 1852.
When Mr. Colman, an engineer on the New York Central Railroad, was killed in a railroad accident in 1852, Andrew Jackson Davis presided at his funeral in Rochester, NY. While living in Rochester, Lucy took over the “colored school” to close it, encouraging parents to send their children to district schools.
Lucy lectured in several states about the causes she believed in. In 1857, the Anti-Slavery Bugle of New-Lisbon, Ohio published her recollections of her travels on behalf of the cause. During the Civil War, the well-connected Lucy Colman arranged and attended a meeting at the White House between Sojourner Truth and President Lincoln.
Susan B. Anthony invited Lucy to read a paper at a state convention of teachers, and Mrs. Colman chose to use this opportunity to advocate for the abolition of corporal punishment in the Rochester schools.
Later, Lucy served as matron in the National Colored Orphan Asylum in Washington, D.C. and was appointed teacher of a ”colored school” in Georgetown, D.C.
Lucy wrote about her life in Reminiscences, which was published by H. L. Green in 1891. She passed away in Syracuse, New York on January 18, 1906.
]]>Lucy Newhall Colman, an anti-slavery agitator and woman suffragist, was born in Sturbridge, Massachusetts on July 26, 1817. She married at eighteen and moved to Boston, but her husband died of consumption in 1841.
She married again two years later and gave birth to a daughter in 1845. Colman began to advocate for equal rights of women and emancipation of the slaves in 1846. In her anti-slavery work, Lucy was associated with William Lloyd Garrison, Wendell Phillips, and Frederick Douglass.
When Mr. Colman, an engineer on the New York Central Railroad, was killed in a railroad accident in 1852, Andrew Jackson Davis presided at his funeral in Rochester, NY. While living in Rochester, Lucy took over the “colored school” to close it, encouraging parents to send their children to district schools.
Lucy lectured in several states about the causes she believed in. In 1857, the Anti-Slavery Bugle of New-Lisbon, Ohio published her recollections of her travels on behalf of the cause. During the Civil War, the well-connected Lucy Colman arranged and attended a meeting at the White House between Sojourner Truth and President Lincoln.
Susan B. Anthony invited Lucy to read a paper at a state convention of teachers, and Mrs. Colman chose to use this opportunity to advocate for the abolition of corporal punishment in the Rochester schools.
Later, Lucy served as matron in the National Colored Orphan Asylum in Washington, D.C. and was appointed teacher of a ”colored school” in Georgetown, D.C.
Lucy wrote about her life in Reminiscences, which was published by H. L. Green in 1891. She passed away in Syracuse, New York on January 18, 1906.
As the leader of the General Federation of Women's Literary Clubs, Charlotte strove to expand its membership. Her A Woman of the Century profile notes:
"Mrs. Brown is greatly interested in the woman's club movement and gladly devotes her whole time to work for its advancement. She possesses unusual power of memory, mental concentration, energy and business ability, combined with such sweetness of disposition and deference for others as to make it easy for her to accomplish whatever she undertakes. She is enthusiastic and inspires others with her own magnetism. She combines the power of general plan with minute detail, and her motto is that what should be done at all should be done promptly and thoroughly" (125-126).
In addition, Charlotte was a member of the Woman's Board of Missions.
She passed away on February 4, 1895, and was buried in Newark, New Jersey.
]]>Charlotte Emerson Brown, born in Andover, Massachusetts, on April 21, 1838, was an author, a businesswoman, a philanthropist, a suffragist, and a teacher.
As the leader of the General Federation of Women's Literary Clubs, Charlotte strove to expand its membership. Her A Woman of the Century profile notes:
"Mrs. Brown is greatly interested in the woman's club movement and gladly devotes her whole time to work for its advancement. She possesses unusual power of memory, mental concentration, energy and business ability, combined with such sweetness of disposition and deference for others as to make it easy for her to accomplish whatever she undertakes. She is enthusiastic and inspires others with her own magnetism. She combines the power of general plan with minute detail, and her motto is that what should be done at all should be done promptly and thoroughly" (125-126).
In addition, Charlotte was a member of the Woman's Board of Missions.
She passed away on February 4, 1895, and was buried in Newark, New Jersey.
Her husband, Reverend Jonathan Towley Crane, was a Methodist Episcopal pastor and the president of Pennington Seminary. Mary Helen was a church worker for the Methodist Episcopal Church, a temperance reformer, a journalist, and the mother of fourteen children. One of those children was the author Stephen Crane. Jonathan passed away in 1880, and three years later Mary Helen purchased a home for her family in Asbury Park, New Jersey.
Mary Helen wrote for several newspapers, including The New York Tribune and The New York World, and she was an active member of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union. On January 20, 1888, The New York Tribune's article about a W.C.T.U. convention in New Jersey the previous day noted:
"Mrs. M. Helen Crane, State superintendent of press work, read a paper replete with valuable suggestions on newspaper work."
Mary Helen passed away in Paterson, New Jersey, on December 7, 1891, and was buried in Evergreen Cemetery, Hillside, New Jersey.
Mary Helen Peck Crane, the daughter of Methodist Episcopal minister George Peck and Mary Myers Peck, was born in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, on April 10, 1827.
Her husband, Reverend Jonathan Towley Crane, was a Methodist Episcopal pastor and the president of Pennington Seminary. Mary Helen was a church worker for the Methodist Episcopal Church, a temperance reformer, a journalist, and the mother of fourteen children. One of those children was the author Stephen Crane. Jonathan passed away in 1880, and three years later Mary Helen purchased a home for her family in Asbury Park, New Jersey.
Mary Helen wrote for several newspapers, including The New York Tribune and The New York World, and she was an active member of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union. On January 20, 1888, The New York Tribune's article about a W.C.T.U. convention in New Jersey the previous day noted:
"Mrs. M. Helen Crane, State superintendent of press work, read a paper replete with valuable suggestions on newspaper work."
Mary Helen passed away in Paterson, New Jersey, on December 7, 1891, and was buried in Evergreen Cemetery, Hillside, New Jersey.
She passed away in South Duxbury, Massachusetts, on September 26, 1898, and was buried in Jamaica Plain's Forest Hills Cemetery and Crematory.
]]>Fanny Lily Gipsy Davenport, born on April 10, 1850, hailed from London, England. She was a popular actress who had her own theatre company. Like Lotta Crabtree and many other actors and actresses, Fanny thrilled audiences throughout the country during her acting tours.
She passed away in South Duxbury, Massachusetts, on September 26, 1898, and was buried in Jamaica Plain's Forest Hills Cemetery and Crematory.
Upon her return to Cincinnati, Emma began to deliver lectures. Her A Woman of the Century profile notes: "She was one of the first women who presented parlor lectures on literature in the West" (481). On February 11, 1879, The Cincinnati Daily Star advertised one of her upcoming lectures: "Miss Emma McAvoy will deliver, at College Hall, on the evening of the 28th of February, an evening lecture on the subject, 'The Ode and Errors in Conversation.'" Other lectures over the next two years were on "Sonnet, with Hints for Improvement in Conversation," and "The World's Conversationalists."
As a popular figure on the lecture circuit, Emma often received praise in the press. For example, a week before her 1884 speech in Omaha, Nebraska, The Omaha Daily Bee advertised:
"On next Monday evening, November 24th, Miss Emma McAvoy will lecture on the subject, 'Hints for Improvement in Conversation.' The lady has just delivered four lectures in Denver, and is said to be a pleasing speaker."
She also gave "an able address well delivered" on "Books" in Denver, Colorado, and a "well attended and thoroughly enjoyed" lecture on "Conversation" in Maysville, Kentucky, during 1896. Emma was still lecturing by 1900, when she lived in Cincinnati with her sister Mary.
Emma passed away on February 4, 1919, and is buried in Cincinnati's Spring Grove Cemetery.
Emma McAvoy was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, on October 23, 1841. Author and lecturer are the occupations listed at the beginning of her A Woman of the Century profile, but Miss McAvoy's career included other professions.
Like many women of her time, this daughter of an Irish immigrant began her career as a teacher. In April of 1859, Emma was appointed as a teacher in Cincinnati's Third District with a salary of twenty dollars. Her salary may have been low because she was hired in April, since she is listed as having earned three hundred dollars the next year. Later, Emma served as a principal in Kansas City, Missouri.
Upon her return to Cincinnati, Emma began to deliver lectures. Her A Woman of the Century profile notes: "She was one of the first women who presented parlor lectures on literature in the West" (481). On February 11, 1879, The Cincinnati Daily Star advertised one of her upcoming lectures: "Miss Emma McAvoy will deliver, at College Hall, on the evening of the 28th of February, an evening lecture on the subject, 'The Ode and Errors in Conversation.'" Other lectures over the next two years were on "Sonnet, with Hints for Improvement in Conversation," and "The World's Conversationalists."
As a popular figure on the lecture circuit, Emma often received praise in the press. For example, a week before her 1884 speech in Omaha, Nebraska, The Omaha Daily Bee advertised:
"On next Monday evening, November 24th, Miss Emma McAvoy will lecture on the subject, 'Hints for Improvement in Conversation.' The lady has just delivered four lectures in Denver, and is said to be a pleasing speaker."
She also gave "an able address well delivered" on "Books" in Denver, Colorado, and a "well attended and thoroughly enjoyed" lecture on "Conversation" in Maysville, Kentucky, during 1896. Emma was still lecturing by 1900, when she lived in Cincinnati with her sister Mary.
Emma passed away on February 4, 1919, and is buried in Cincinnati's Spring Grove Cemetery.
"She handed to the faculty a dissertation, entitled 'Zur Gutturalfrage im Gotischen,' which attracted general comment by its wide research and scholarly handling" (756).
Dr. Webster taught at Barnard, Vassar, and Wellesley, where she was the Chair of Comparative Philology. After Reverend Silas Tertius Rand passed away, she wrote the preface to his Legends of the MicMacs."She handed to the faculty a dissertation, entitled 'Zur Gutturalfrage im Gotischen,' which attracted general comment by its wide research and scholarly handling" (756).
Dr. Webster taught at Barnard, Vassar, and Wellesley, where she was the Chair of Comparative Philology. After Reverend Silas Tertius Rand passed away, she wrote the preface to his Legends of the MicMacs.She passed away on August 10, 1908.
]]>Author Louise Chandler Moulton was born on April 5, 1835. A native of Pomfret, Connecticut, she left her hometown to attend Emma Willard's Troy Female Seminary. Louise published her first works with Phillips, Sampson and Company and, as her friend Harriet Prescott Spofford noted in A Little Book of Friends, her publisher Moses Dresser Phillips said that the talented young author "was more fit to be President of the United States than any man he knew" (160).
During her career, Louise wrote several books and contributed to periodicals, including Atlantic Monthly, Century Magazine, Galaxy, Harper's Monthly, Independent, Scribner's Monthly, and Woman's Journal. In addition to Spofford and Phillips, Louise's friends included Ralph Waldo Emerson, Oliver Wendell Holmes, James Russell Lowell, and Sarah Helen Whitman.
She passed away on August 10, 1908.
Arthur O'Shaughnessy : his life and his work, with selections from his poems / by Louise Chandler Moulton. Cambridge [Mass.] : Stone & Kimball ; 1894.
in
Haithi Trust
Moulton, Mrs. Ellen Louise [Chandler]
p. 264
in
Adams, Oscar Fay, 1855-1919 A Dictionary of American Authors. Fifth Edition. Revised and Enlarged. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin and Company, 1905.