McCULLOCH, Mrs. Catharine Waugh
<p><span>Catharine Waugh McCulloch was born in Ransomville, New York, on June 4, 1862. She graduated from Rockford Female Seminary, earning both a bachelor's degree and master's degree, and attended Union College of Law.<br /><br />A temperance advocate from an early age, Catharine was a member of the Young Woman's Christian Temperance Union. Also passionate about suffrage, she <a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn90059522/1887-12-07/ed-1/seq-7/#date1=1777&sort=date&date2=1963&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&index=0&words=Catharine+Waugh&proxdistance=5&rows=20&ortext=&proxtext=&phrasetext=Catharine+Waugh+&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">passed out</a> a pro-suffrage speech to counter the anti-suffrage speech that her town's Presbyterian minister was giving. <br /><br />Catharine practiced law with Frank</span><span> Hathorn McCulloch, a law school classmate whom she married on May 30, 1890, in Winnebago, Illinois. Their firm was known as McCulloch & McCulloch.</span><br /><br /><span>Catharine spoke at many events in support of suffrage. At the Cleveland convention in 1896, she and Julia Holmes Smith each presented </span><a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85058130/1896-07-09/ed-1/seq-2/#date1=1777&sort=date&date2=1963&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&index=12&words=Catharine+McCulloch+Waugh&proxdistance=5&rows=20&ortext=&proxtext=&phrasetext=Catharine+Waugh+McCulloch&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">an argument</a><span> for the Democratic Party supporting suffrage. </span><br /><br /><span>One milestone in Catharine's legal career was on February 21, 1898, when she was admitted to practice before the Supreme Court.</span><br /><br /><span>By 1900, Catharine was listed as a lawyer living at 2236 Orrington Avenue in Evanston with her husband and her children, Hugh and Hathorn. </span><br /><br /><span>Catharine and Frank filed an </span><a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045366/1906-05-27/ed-1/seq-3/#date1=1777&sort=date&date2=1963&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&index=15&words=Catharine+McCulloch+Waugh&proxdistance=5&rows=20&ortext=&proxtext=&phrasetext=Catharine+Waugh+McCulloch&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=2" target="_blank" rel="noopener">argument and brief</a><span> in Chicago in support of municipal suffrage for women in late May of 1906. The next year, when Catharine was elected justice of the peace for Evanston, and the first female justice of the peace in the country, she changed the </span><a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85066387/1907-04-07/ed-1/seq-21/#date1=1777&sort=date&date2=1963&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&index=16&words=Catharine+McCulloch+Waugh&proxdistance=5&rows=20&ortext=&proxtext=&phrasetext=Catharine+Waugh+McCulloch&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=2" target="_blank" rel="noopener">marriage contract</a><span> to omit the wording that a woman must obey her husband.</span><br /><br /><span>The McCullochs took a four-month trip to Europe during the summer of 1908 and visited several countries. By this time, their family had had expanded to include two younger children, Catharine and Frank. </span><br /><br /><span>Catharine spoke before the Society of Anthropology in 1909, making an </span><a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030272/1909-02-21/ed-1/seq-21/#date1=1777&index=7&rows=20&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&words=Catharine+McCulloch+W&proxdistance=5&date2=1963&ortext=&proxtext=&phrasetext=Catharine+W.+McCulloch&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">argument<span> </span></a><span>that "woman was the originator of most of the good things in the world." After praising women from Eve on, she asked her audience to vote on woman suffrage and got a positive result.</span><br /><span></span></p>
<p><span>Catharine was the legal advisor for the National American Woman Suffrage Association, while also serving as an auditor, and later the Vice-President. At the time of the 1912 Presidential campaign, Catharine insisted that the Republican Party would suffer the wrath of the suffragists if suffrage was not included in the platform. </span><br /><br /><span>Later that year, she placed an ad in the </span><em>Rock Island Argus</em><span> that she would pay one dollar for every one hundred signatures collected in support of Illinois suffrage. While she toiled mightily for suffrage, Catharine was quite vocal in her opposition to the </span><a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn92053934/1913-10-11/ed-1/seq-16/#date1=1777&sort=date&date2=1963&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&index=16&words=Catharine+McCulloch+Waugh&proxdistance=5&rows=20&ortext=&proxtext=&phrasetext=Catharine+Waugh+McCulloch&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=4" target="_blank" rel="noopener">"militant methods"</a><span> of British suffrage leader Emmeline Pankhurst. Her efforts were successful and Illinois women gained suffrage in 1913. </span><br /><br /><span>Catharine was overjoyed when the Illinois Democratic state convention selected her as a 1916 delegate for Woodrow Wison, </span><a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn86076367/1916-09-27/ed-1/seq-1/#date1=1777&sort=date&date2=1963&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&index=19&words=Catharine+McCulloch+Waugh&proxdistance=5&rows=20&ortext=&proxtext=&phrasetext=Catharine+Waugh+McCulloch&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=4" target="_blank" rel="noopener">commenting</a><span>, "The Democratic party has, indeed, put itself out to honor womanhood." She continued her efforts for suffrage for Illinois women in February of 1917, arguing for an amendment, against Grace Wilbur Trout, who believed that a convention alone would suffice. Unfortunately for Catharine, the constitutional convention route was chosen by the time September came. According to </span><a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn92053240/1917-09-28/ed-1/seq-3/#date1=1777&sort=date&date2=1963&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&index=8&words=Catharine+McCulloch+Waugh&proxdistance=5&rows=20&ortext=&proxtext=&phrasetext=Catharine+Waugh+McCulloch&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=5" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Free-Trader Journal</em></a><span>, Catharine wanted to unify women in the state, so she agreed to support the constitutional convention. Catharine continued to speak in Iowa and other states in support of suffrage.</span><br /><br /><span>Once the League of Women Voters was founded in 1919, Catharine was involved with this organization. By 1922, she was the chair of the committee on uniform laws. According to Washington D.C.'s </span><a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045462/1922-04-16/ed-1/seq-35/#date1=1777&sort=date&date2=1963&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&index=11&words=Catharine+McCulloch+Waugh&proxdistance=5&rows=20&ortext=&proxtext=&phrasetext=Catharine+Waugh+McCulloch&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=5"><em>Evening Star,</em></a><span> this committee advocated for several issues related to marriage and motherhood.</span><br /><br /><span>A 1926 </span><a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn86063730/1926-12-16/ed-1/seq-4/#date1=1777&sort=date&date2=1963&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&index=12&words=Catharine+McCulloch+Waugh&proxdistance=5&rows=20&ortext=&proxtext=&phrasetext=Catharine+Waugh+McCulloch&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=5" target="_blank" rel="noopener">article</a><span> by Lillian Campbell celebrated Catharine's forty years of having success in her law practice. After mentioning some of her professional accomplishments, it notes, "She is the mother of four children, all university graduates, and two of her sons practice law with their father and mother."</span><br /><br /><span>Catharine continued being active in the Democratic Party, speaking at the conventions of the National Woman's Democratic Law Enforcement League in 1929 and 1931, and serving as its Second Vice President from 1929 until at least 1932. She also served her country as a member of the </span><a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn2008060406/1930-07-01/ed-1/seq-4/#date1=1777&sort=date&date2=1963&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&index=15&words=Catharine+McCulloch+Waugh&proxdistance=5&rows=20&ortext=&proxtext=&phrasetext=Catharine+Waugh+McCulloch&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=5" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Committee on Cultural Relations with Latin America</a><span>.</span><br /><br /><span>During her long career, in addition to her work in the field of law and her suffrage work, Catharine found time to advocate for temperance, to serve as legal advisor to the W.C.T.U., to write books and plays., and to participate in numerous organizations in the Chicago area. </span><br /><br /><span>Catharine passed away in Evanston on April 20, 1945, and was buried three days later in Chicago's Graceland Cemetery.</span></p>
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BALLOU, Miss Ella Maria
Stenographer Ella Maria Ballou was born in Wallingford, VT on November 15, 1852. After attending Wallingford High School, Ella became a teacher.<br /><br />In 1885, she became the first female reporter for the Rutland County Court. Later, she added Addison County to her duties.<br />Ella also was a writer.<br /><br />Ella passed away on July 29, 1937 and was buried in Green Hill Cemetery, Wallingford, VT.
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Stevenson%2C+Michael">Stevenson, Michael</a>
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FEARING, Miss Lillian Blanche
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Author and lawyer Lillian Blanche Fearing was born in Davenport, Iowa, on November 27, 1863. Despite being blind from birth, Lillian achieved much during her lifetime. Lillian's obituary in the <a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn92053934/1900-08-15/ed-1/seq-5/#date1=1789&index=0&rows=20&words=Blanche+Fearing&searchType=basic&sequence=0&state=&date2=1943&proxtext=Blanche+Fearing&y=0&x=0&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Rock Island Argus</em></a> notes, in part:<br /><br />"At the age of 8 she published her first poem, and by the time she was 12 years old her verses were appearing regularly in the Boston Transcript. Personal letters commending her work were sent her by <a href="http://www.marykatemcmaster.org/MDP/items/show/136" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Oliver Wendell Holmes</a>, John G. Whittier, and Edmund Clarence Stedman."<br /><br />When she was taking courses at Union College of Law in Chicago, Lillian's mother "was her constant companion and read books to her" <a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn89058128/1890-07-17/ed-1/seq-1/#date1=1789&index=6&rows=20&words=Blanche+Fearing&searchType=basic&sequence=0&state=&date2=1943&proxtext=Blanche+Fearing&y=0&x=0&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">(<em>The Comet</em></a>). When she graduated, Lillian was the only woman in her class and one of four scholarship recipients (<em><a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85033295/1890-07-23/ed-1/seq-7/#date1=1870&sort=date&date2=1943&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&index=14&words=Blanche+Fearing&proxdistance=5&state=&rows=20&ortext=&proxtext=&phrasetext=Blanche+Fearing&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Watertown Republican</a></em>).<br /><br />Well regarded by her peers, Lillian was one of the people feated in literary critic William Morton Payne's "Literary Chicago" in the February 1893 edition of <em>New England Magazine</em>. The article mentioned many men and women, including Eliza Allen Starr, Olive Thorne Miller, Amanda T. Jones, Harriet Monroe, and Ella Wheeler Wilcox. Payne praised Fearing's work as "remarkable" and, speaking of her poem "In The City By The Lake," he noted: "A note of song stronger and more sustained has hardly been sounded by any other American woman" (<a href="http://ebooks.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=newe;cc=newe;rgn=full%20text;idno=newe0013-6;didno=newe0013-6;view=image;seq=704;node=newe0013-6%3A1;page=root;size=100" target="_blank" rel="noopener">696</a>). Readers of <em>New England Magazine</em> would have known of Lillian, since she had published <a href="http://ebooks.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=moajrn2;cc=moajrn2;q1=Fearing;rgn=author;view=image;seq=0669;idno=newe0008-6;node=newe0008-6%3A9" target="_blank" rel="noopener">"The Bivouac of Sherman's Army"</a> in that periodical's August 1890 issue.<br /><br />In 1894, Lillian wrote a piece for <em>Chicago Woman's Times</em> about the need for a different title than Miss for adult single women. She noted that males are called master and then Mr., but that females are addressed as Miss until they are married. She was perturbed that it took marriage to allow a woman to have a mature adult title. Lillian's words were reprinted in the March 10, 1894 edition of <em><a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn86091092/1894-03-10/ed-1/seq-3/#date1=1870&sort=date&date2=1943&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&index=12&words=Blanche+Fearing&proxdistance=5&state=&rows=20&ortext=&proxtext=&phrasetext=Blanche+Fearing&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=2" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The Caldwell Tribune</a></em> (Idaho Territory), giving her thoughts an even larger audience.<br /><br />Throughout her life, Lillian received praise in the press for her work as a lawyer, her writing, and her phenomenal work ethic. <em><a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn90059959/1895-10-26/ed-1/seq-2/#date1=1870&sort=date&date2=1943&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&index=16&words=Blanche+Fearing&proxdistance=5&state=&rows=20&ortext=&proxtext=&phrasetext=Blanche+Fearing&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=2" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The Irish Standard's</a></em> characterization of her serves as a fine example of the admiration Lillian's contemporaries had for her: <br /><br />"Miss Blanche Fearing is a graduate of the Chicago Law School and surely finding her way to a successful legal career. She is a poet, also, but her verses do not begin with 'whereases' or 'know all men,' etc., but are marked by the true poetic quality. Miss Fearing's profession means a livelihood to her. Her literary work is the overflow of her life. When it is known that Miss Fearing is entirely blind, the courage, enthusiasm, and perseverance that her work in these two lines exhibits fill one with admiration for the beauty and strength of character that so triumph over untoward circumstances and make life so noble, useful and sweet."<br /><br />She was very fortunate to have a supportive family. According to the <em><a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn86081854/1900-11-15/ed-1/seq-7/#date1=1870&sort=date&date2=1943&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&index=6&words=Blanch+Fearing&proxdistance=5&state=&rows=20&ortext=&proxtext=&phrasetext=Blanche+Fearing&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=4" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Republican News Item</a></em>, Lillian's mother and sister played the crucial role of reading legal documents to her. <br /><br />Lillian's image and a discussion about her were included in <a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85066387/1896-12-13/ed-1/seq-19/#date1=1870&sort=date&date2=1943&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&index=18&words=Blanche+Fearing&proxdistance=5&state=&rows=20&ortext=&proxtext=&phrasetext=Blanche+Fearing&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=2" target="_blank" rel="noopener">"Women Lawyers of America,"</a> a lengthy December 13, 1896, article in <em>The San Francisco Call</em>. Others noted included local lawyer Clara Shortridge Foltz, <a href="http://www.marykatemcmaster.org/WOC/items/show/64" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Myra Bradwell</a>, Ellen A. Martin, Kate Pier, Ada Miser Kepley, Ella Humphrey Haddock, and Cornelia Hood.<br /><br />On March 21, 1900, <a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84036207/1900-03-21/ed-1/seq-3/#date1=1870&sort=date&date2=1943&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&index=4&words=Blanche+Fearing&proxdistance=5&state=&rows=20&ortext=&proxtext=&phrasetext=Blanche+Fearing&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=3" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>The Western News</em></a> dedicated an article, "Blind From Infancy: This Girl is Now Widely Known as a Writer and Lawyer." While the use of the word "girl" must not have pleased Lillian, she must have been happy to hear that the paper had written about her and called her "a dual success in her dual professions of author and lawyer."<br /><br />Unfortunately, Lillian passed away in Eureka Heights, Illinois, later that year. When she died on August 13, 1900, this courageous woman was just thirty-six years old.
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BRADWELL, Mrs. Myra
<p><span>Myra Bradwell, a native of Manchester, Vermont, who was born on February 12, 1831, was one the most well-known female lawyers of the nineteenth century. As a pioneer in the field, she created and argued for important legal rights, including "the law giving married women their own earnings" (115). </span><br /><br /><span>In addition to being a lawyer, Myra also edited the Chicago </span><em>Legal News</em><span> in the city where she spent most of her life.</span><br /><br /><span>A philanthropist, Bradwell supported the South Evanston Industrial School and worked for the Sanitary Commission.</span><br /><br /><span>She was a member of a number of organizations, including Illinois Bar Association, the American Woman Suffrage Association, the Illinois Press Association, and Soldiers' Home Board.</span></p>
<p><span>Myra passed away on Valentine’s Day in 1894. She was buried in Chicago’s Rosehill Cemetery and Mausoleum.</span></p>
<a href="/WOC/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=McMaster%2C+MaryKate">McMaster, MaryKate</a>
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